Avaliação de diferentes substratos orgânicos no crescimento, rendimento e na composição química do óleo essencial de espécies medicinais

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different organic substrates on growth , yield and chemical composition of essential oil in different species of medicinal plants: mint - and leaf - thick (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng); Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and peppermint – kid ( Mentha piperita L. ) . The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, installed in the experimental field of the Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia / UFRB. 5 different substrates were evaluated: T1 - soil; T2 - earthworm compost + soil + sand; T3 - organic compost + soil + sand; T4 - cattle manure + soil + sand; T5 - poultry litter + soil + sand in the proportions 2:1:1. The substrate with earthworm humus was efficient for the variables plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass of shoot and root and yield of essential oil, peppermint - kind – of - thick sheet. The main chemical compound carvacrol was identified. Basil in the substrate with earthworm humus was efficient in the variables plant height, dry shoot biomass, fresh and dry biomass of roots and oil yield. The substrate with manure and bed - of - chicken was efficient in stem diameter, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and fresh shoot biomass. The main chemical component was identified and methyl cinnamate. As a kid mint, with manure substrate was efficient for the variables fresh and dry biomass of shoot and root and oil yield. Variables stem diameter, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll and stem length did not differ. The main chemical component was identified oxide piperitenone. Concluding that the organic substrates used in proportion, increased the growth, development, content and essential oil yield of the studied medicinal plants, besides the production of important chemical components of great relevance for the industry.