Multimodalidade no domínio jornalístico em meio digital: aspectos sociocognitivos na construção textual dos sentidos

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of multimodality in genres of the journalistic domain, especially blogs, cartoons and tweets of the digital newspaper Folha de São Paulo and O Globo, in order to observe how multimodal resources interfere with reading and textual construction of the senses, based on the understanding of the speech objects. To this end, we seek to verify the activation stages of speech objects from the visual sign proposed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006) and, at the same time, characterize the sociocognitive context linked to the reading of the multimodal text and the interactional construction of the text. (s) sense (s). For Bentes et al (2010, p. 398), despite the development of text theories in recent years, the subject of multimodality has received a tangential treatment and inserting it within the scope of current theoretical approaches implies: a) a necessary widening of the concept of text, incorporating nonverbal elements (image, color etc.); b) the use of specific analytical devices of the theories of the text to investigate such signs. Following the theoretical perspective of Textual Linguistics and Social Semiotics, the phenomenon of multimodality is approached here, based on the works of authors such as Marcuschi (2008), Bentes et al. (2010), Dionisio (2011), Romualdo (2000), Koch and Elias (2006, 2008), Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006). The work adopts the bibliographic research, by means of survey of theoretical reference already published in the area and the qualitative analysis of the data. The research corpus consists of 100 texts from the journalistic domain, being selected as a sample 22 texts from national newspapers (O Globo, Folha de São Paulo), distributed in three digital genres: (6) charge, (9) blog post and (7) tweet. From this research, it was analyzed how multimodality acts in the textual construction of meaning, being also essential to the investigation the notions of gender (Bakhtin, 2011), domain (Marcuschi, 2008) and support (Bonini, 2011). The results of the analysis indicated that the investigated genres have multimodal features characteristic of their compositional structure, style and thematic content. Also, with the switch from print to digital, the cartoons did not keep up with changes in media. We also found that blogging and tweeting are rich examples of multimodality, and tweeting for its reduced writing encompasses a greater diversity of multimodal features. Therefore, it can be concluded that multimodality is essential for the textual construction of meanings.