Avaliação dos impactos ambientais e econômicos do uso das energias solar e eólica na matriz energética brasileira

Abstract

Historically, the conventional energy sources based on coal, oil and natural gas have been fulfilling their role in energy supply, while effectively boosted development and consequent economic progress. However, such sources have assumed the role of villain when, at the same time, they are partly responsible for significant damage, rendering them harmful to the environment and human health. The analysis of the issues related to development and sustainability, especially in the energy sector, provokes the analysis of social, economic and environmental impacts. The debate on the uses of alternative energy generation systems, especially the current analysis of the use of renewable energy and its insertion in the Brazilian energy matrix, were the motivation of this work. Because they are currently treated as a recurring issue when it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, generation from renewable energy has a preference over conventional energy sources. The economic and environmental impacts related to the generation derived from renewable sources, with emphasis on solar photovoltaic and wind were discussed in this work, while it was tried to point out ways to minimize or control these impacts. This graduation work evaluated the challenges related to the reduction of the emission of polluting gases, limits on available reserves, reduction of dependence on fossil fuels, renewable energy sources and their economic and environmental impacts, and, above all, pillars in search of sustainability through the insertion of solar photovoltaic and wind sources in the Brazilian energy matrix.