Representação imagética da sexualidade em livros didáticos do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The lack of discussions of issues related to sexuality, at school, may reinforce prejudices and stereotypes rooted in society. In this sense, the analysis Textbook is relevant, since this is the most widely used teaching tool in teaching and learning processes, being an essential part of the school context. It is believed that the contents present in textbooks, and their imagistic representations, can be influenced by scientific knowledge (K), values (V) and social practices (P) of the authors and editors. Clément (2006) believes that these variables (KVP) interact with each other, influencing the construction of the conceptions of each individual. By using this model, aimed to analyze the imagistic representations related to sexuality present in chapters of fifteen textbooks of Sciences of the eighth grade of elementary school, more distributed in the country, according to the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático/2014 (PNLD/2014). Data collection was conducted through an analytical matrix made by the authors and based: (1) the guidelines in the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN); (2) in the PNLD/2014 announcement of the guidelines and (3) the research under the Science Education, related to the research theme. The results showed that the imagistic representations related to sexuality present in textbooks, not follow, to a large extent, the guidelines of the PCN and PNLD/2014 notice, and also the conditions of research in Science Education. Images relating to external genital organs, emotional relationships, condom use, sexually transmitted infections, auto eroticism and gender relations are presented in an unsatisfactory manner, according to the considered assumptions, and do not stimulate understanding of sexuality. In this perspective, it is understood that the images present in the textbooks need to be rethought to follow all the diversity that surrounds the theme sexuality, promoting thus a Science Teaching undissociated of learning related to the respect and tolerance.