Avaliação da dor pós-operatória em cadelas submetidas a ovariossalpingohisterectomia através de diferentes protocolos de anestesia epidural

Abstract

The ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH) is a surgical procedure done under general anesthesia injection or inhalation in dogs and cats. To obtain adequate block anesthesia to perform OSH, lidocaine must be combined with other analgesics, such as opioids, and alpha 2 agonists which control pain perception in animals and especially epidural, to control pain post- operative. Evaluation of the effectiveness of each anesthetic protocol can be made by adopting the pain scales and apply them in the post-operative each animal. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative pain in dogs when submitted to epidural anesthesia with different protocols, using different scales of pain. In the research were used 15 healthy dogs with an average weight of 14 ± 3.47 kg and aged 1-7 years. The studyt was approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of the Institution. The animals were included in the experiment after being considered healthy by clinical and laboratory tests and then were randomly distribuited into two groups, in which seven animals received epidural anesthesia with lidocaine 2% with epinephrine and 30ug of detomidine (GLD group) and 8 Animals received 2% lidocaine with epinephrine + 30ug detomidine + 2mg / kg Meperidine (GLDME group) prior were aspirated into the syringe the analgesic drugs and after was the lidocaine performing a final volume of 1ml/4kg. The evaluation of postoperative pain was performed by two raters blinded to treatment and evaluation was performed with 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the end of surgery. Melbourne scales were used to assess animal behavior, palpation of the surgical incision, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature, which scores were assigned, which could range from 0 (no pain) to 27 (worst possible pain ). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) uses a straight line with 100mm being the end 0 mm considered no pain and 100mm as the worst pain possible. For the measurement scale composed of Glasgow pain scores were assigned according to the previous questionnaire followed by a number that represents a mild, moderate or severe pain. When the imputed values were greater than or equal to 13 on the scale of Melbourne, 50mm on the VAS and indicates moderate pain in Glasgow scale was administered rescue analgesia in animals with 0.5 mg / kg Morphine IM and 0.2 mg / kg meloxicam SC. After analyzing the results it can be concluded that in both treatments immediate postoperative analgesia (first 24 hours) was sufficient for most animals, demonstrating mild pain. Only two animals (both GLDME group) of the 15 showed moderate pain assessed there is a need for rescue analgesia before 24 hours, all animals received morphine and meloxicam. Comparing the scales they have good correlation. We conclude that any of the three scales used is effective in assessing postoperative pain.