Compatibilidade de Trichoderma asperellum com produtos agrícolas aplicados na cultura da bananeira

Abstract

CAPÍTULO 1 = Banana is one of the constituents in the diet of millions of people worldwide, being an important source of nutrients. To this crop, diseases such as Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Yellow Sigatoka Leaf Spot and Black Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella musicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis, respectively, compromise the development and productivity of the plants. Integrated management system can be an effective approach to reduce crop damage by combining different strategies such as chemical and biological control, ensuring that all components involved in these two approaches must be compatible with each other. In this study we have presented the in vitro compatibility of 24 agricultural products used in banana cultivation with Trichoderma asperellum 81 isolate, biocontrol agent of fusarium wilt. Five different dosages for each product were tested. The mycelial growth, concentration and germination of conidia of the isolate were evaluated in four different times. The means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. From the diameter values of the fungal colonies, the area under the micellar growth curve was calculated as a function of the evaluation times and, the compatibility with the commercial biocontrol agents was evaluated by the antagonism. The correlation among the agricultural products and the variables related to the development of the fungus was exploited by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the classification regarding the compatibility of the products was presented through a Heatmap, generated by a predefined color pattern. The results indicated that the products thiabendazole, carbofuran, tebuconazole, propiconazole, diphenoconazole, flutriafol and glyphosate were incompatible with the isolate. Fertilizers, including boric acid, ammonium sulfate, calcium carbonate and leachate of banana rakes were compatible and magnesium phosphite and zinc phosphite were classified as dose-dependent. However, mineral oil was the only product that presented incompatibility for only one vegetative characteristic of the isolate. CAPÍTULO 2 = Integrated management system can be an effective approach to reduce damage to banana crops. However, to aggregate different strategies with the use of chemical and biological products, it is necessary to know the compatibility of all the components involved in this integration. In this study we have presented the in vitro compatibility of agricultural products used in banana cultivation with the isolate Trichoderma asperellum Tri-81. The mycelial growth, concentration and germination of conidia of the isolate were evaluated in four different dosages for each product. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Heatmap it was that the chemicals products thiabendazole, carbofuran, tebuconazole, propiconazole, diphenoconazole, flutriafol and glyphosate were incompatible with the isolate. All fertilizers, including the leachate of banana rakes, neem oil and the active ingredient Imidacloprid were compatible. The magnesium phosphite and zinc phosphite were classified as dose-dependent. Mineral oil negatively interfered only in the the mycelial growth of isolate. Among the biocontrol agents tested, only the product based on Trichoderma asperellum was compatible with the Trichoderma asperellumTri-81. The use of incompatibles products should be established so that their residual effects do not interfere with the effectiveness of T. asperellum Tri-81.