Avaliação clonal, estratégias de propagação e limpeza viral de abacaxizeiro ornamental com florescimento recorrente

Abstract

The ornamental pineapple hybrid ORN-MUT presents a recurrent flowering in the crown of the fruit formed from the mother plant and can be a novelty for floriculture. This work aimed to perform the clonal evaluation and to compare different methods of propagation of this hybrid, as well as to obtain free virus plants. Morphological characterization was performed from quantitative and qualitative descriptors. The number of plants and the necessary time (days) for the conventional propagation, sectioning of stem, conventional micropropagation and micropropagation by etiolated plants were evaluated. Cultivation of apical meristems in vitro was performed to evaluate the removal of the viral complex (PMWaV) in infected plants. The ORN-MUT showed to be distinct from the parental and presented uniformity of flowering only in the fruits formed before the recurrent flowering. The plants after recurrent flowering showed a lack of uniformity in relation to the development of the sincarpo, with absence of fruit in some clones and variation in flowering time. ORN-MUT can be used as potted plant and for landscaping. In conventional propagation, an average of 17 seedlings per plant over a period of 566 days (≅19 months) were obtained. The propagation by plant sectioning produced on average of 2.3 sedlings/ sectioned stem and 47 total seedlings in a period of 591 days (≅20 months). The conventional of micropropagation provided 1,284 plants after four subcultures, with the plants suitable for the field after 778 days (≅26 months). The micropropagation from ethiolated stems for 60 days had their peak of production in the second subculture with the obtaining of 1,224 plants. This method required 883 days (≅29 months) to obtain plants to the field. The plants ethiolated for 120 days resulted in 935 plants at the end of the four subcultures, with the peak of production in the third subculture, with the seedlings suitable for the field after 943 days (≅31 months). The cultivation of shoot apical meristems is an efficient strategy to remove the infected tissue with the viral complex PMWaV and to provide healthy matrices.