Divergência Genética entre acesso de umbu-cajazeira mediante análise multivariada utilizando marcadores morfoagronômicos e moleculares

Abstract

Currently, the available knowledge of the genetic variability of the umbu-cajazeira (Spondias SP.) is small, demanding efforts to increase it, so that a better use of the potential of economic exploration of the culture can be achieved. This study aimed to evaluate the divergence among umbu-cajazeira accessions though ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) molecular markers and to promote the simultaneous analysis of quantitative (agronomic) and qualitative (morphological and molecular) traits. For the molecular characterization, 17 accessions of umbu-cajazeira of the Active Germplasm Bank of Tropical Fruits of Embrapa & Tropical Fruits (BAG Tropical Fruits), located in Cruz das Almas, Bahia, were used. The 25 ISSR primers used were polymorphic, being obtained eight polymorphic bands per initiator on average. Wide genetic variability was detected among accessions, with the formation of five groups of genetic diversity. One divergence group was identified using the algorithm of Gower for joint analysis of the quantitative and qualitative traits in eight original plants of umbu-cajazeira representatives the following access: Aurora, Eeperança, Favo de mel, Princesa, Santa Barbara, Suprema and Tentas, although considerable genetic variability is observed in the group. The ISSR markers were efficient in detecting the genetic variability among the umbu-cajazeira accessions and the joint analyzes of the morpho-agronomic traits and molecular markers, through the algorithm Gower, can contribute to a better explanation in the definition of strategies to be used in breeding programs with this crop.