Manejo do jenipapeiro (Genipa americana L.) para produção de madeira e avaliação da diversidade genética por meio de marcadores moleculares, Cruz das Almas - Bahia

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the growth and initial production of genipap (G. americana L.) under different spacings and investigate the genetic diversity of 35 accesses by using ISSR molecular markers. The experiment was installed at the Experimental Campus of Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. It was used a randomized blocks design with five treatments (3.0 x 1.5 m; 3.0 x 2.0 m; 3.0 x 2.5 m; 3.0 x 3.0 m e 3.0 x 3.5 m) and four repetitions, in a split plot scheme, with its plots constituted of 25 plants. At 12, 24 and 36 months-old, it was evaluated the survival, the height, the quadratic diameter at ground level and basal area per plant hectare. At 36 months-old, the average survival was of 77.93% and the treatments showed significant differences (p˂0,01) for basal area, but did not influence the height and diameter growths. The G. americana presents potentials of growth, production and ecological adaptation under the soil and climate conditions of cultivation. For the investigation of the genetic diversity, it was used 22 ISSR initiators in genomic DNA of 35 accesses of Genipap. From those 22 initiators, 19 generated 91 polymorphic fragments that were turned into a binary matrix of presence (1) and of absence (0). The genetic diversity was evaluated by a matrix created from the complement of the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and by the resulting dendrogram of the UPGMA grouping analysis. It was formed three different groups, showing that there is genetic diversity among the accesses. The genetic distance among the accesses varied from 0.14 to 1.00. The ISSR molecular markers have showed to be efficient for fingerprinting of the genetic variability existing among the genipap accesses.