Seleção e propagação de genótipo de umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.) da Região Semiárida da Bahia

Abstract

The umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.) is a very important fruit in the Northeast region of Brazil, broadening the diversification of the fruit agrobusiness in the semiarid region. The objective of the present work was to characterize fruits from selected umbu-cajazeira genotypes and evaluate grafting on umbu trees (S. tuberosa Arruda Câmara) for the production of seedlings and development in the field. Fruits from ten genotypes from counties located in the semiarid region of Bahia, selected from evaluations in two previous years, were evaluated once again in 2010 and 2011 as to their physical, chemical and physico-chemical characteristics. Data was submitted to the descriptive and cluster analysis, confirming the superiority of the genotypes and identifying dissimilarity between them, forming two groups. Based on the characterization of the fruits in four production years and by the indexing range sum, the following genotypes were selected for propagation through grafting on the umbu tree: UCSR-45, UCSE-36, USSR-44, UCSB-40 and UCSE-35. The percentage of success of graft adhesiveness was influenced by the genotype, varying from 40.0% to 87.5%, however, the survival percentage was high for all the genotypes (average of 93,6%). Plants showed satisfactory development under field conditions up to 150 days until planting, suggesting that the cleft grafting in the umbu tree may be indicated for propagation of the umbu-cajazeira.