Conservação in vitro de bromeliáceas

Abstract

The bromeliad healthy typical plants of the tropical zones the subtropical of America. The great concentration of the species happens in South America, being considered that 40% of the species and 73% of the goods happen in Brazil. Of the 160 classified species, about 76 they are vulnerable the extinction, 33 in danger, 48 critically in danger and 3 were extinguished of the nature. To lessen that problem it is necessary to research conservation protocols, so that the excessive exploration of the national germplasm doesn't lead it scenery of irreversible genetic erosion. The work consists of studying the effect of the activated coal and giberelic acid, in the germination in vitro bromeliads, as well as to establish protocol of conservation in vitro of Aechmea fasciata and Aechmea miniata. Seeds of Aechmea fasciata, Aechmea miniata, Aechmea burle-marxii, Aechmea sp., Vriesea sp. and Bromelia antiacantha Bertoloni, were incubated in middle MS semi-solid, supplemented with 3% of sucrose, 0,0; 1,0 and 10 μM of GA3 and coal activated in the concentrations 0,0 and 1,0 g L-1. The activated coal didn't influence in the germination of the seeds and the species they presented own demands, being the middle of culture with more efficient GA3, for Vriesea sp. and Aechmea sp.. As the conservation in vitro plants of Aechmea fasciata, Aechmea miniata, were incubated in middle of culture MS ½, supplemented with 87,64 mM, 43,82 mM and 21,85 sucrose mM or manitol. It is possible to conserve under slow growth, plants of A. fasciata and A. miniata, in middle of culture ½ MS supplemented with 43,82 mM or 21,85 manitol mM and maintained under conditions of 16 hours, temperature of 25 ± 2º C and photon flux densites of 22 mmol. m-2. s-1. The concentrations and sources of carbon used in the conservation they didn't make unfeasible the capacity responsive of the culture. The concentration of 2,0 mg. L-1 of BAP was efficient in the multiplication rate, independent of the species.