Arranjo espacial no crescimento e rendimento de amendoim em duas épocas de semeadura no Recôncavo Baiano

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate, through growth analysis and yield, the vegetative and the productive performance of peanut, cropped under different plant spacings and densities, at two sowing dates, beging in the rain station (march-june) and final (july-octuber) in the agroecological conditions of the Recôncavo region, State of Bahia, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the College of Agronomy of the Federal University of Bahia, following a randomized complete block design, with the following factorial arrangement: 3 x 3 + 1 (three plant densities: 5,10, and 15 plants m-1 of row x three spacings between rows of: 0.50 m, 0.65 m, and 0.80 m, and a control treatment with plant spacing of approximately 0.25 m x 0.30 m). The treatments were replicated four times. Each plot comprised 6 plant rows with 5 m long and width variable according to the plant population. Sampling for growth analysis was made over the season, starting at 20 days after plant emergence with samples taken at 15 days. In each sampling, 5 plants per plot were taken. The following agronomic characteristics were studied: final plant height, number of final branches and leaf number. For this, ten plants per plot were sampled and the volume of fresh pods and grain yield were determined based on the final plant population in each plot. The results obtained allowed to conclude that: a) at the second sowing date, the arrangement of 5 plants m-1 x 0.80 m between rows resulted in the highest dry matter conversion, with the highest yield of pod dry matter per plant, suggesting the occurrence of high photosynthetic efficiency; b) the highest volume of fresh pods (15,700 L ha-1) and the highest weight of fresh pods (3,249 kg ha-1) were obtained with the arrangements of 5 plants m-1 x 0.80 m between rows and with 5 plants m-1 x 0.50 m between rows, respectively, which gives farmers two options in terms of spatial arrangements; and c) the introduction of new planting arrangements in the Recôncavo region, as suggested by this work, is highly recommended since the conventional planting system currently in use (hole spacings of 0,25 m x 0,30 m), has shown to provide lower yields.