Caracterização, seleção e propagação vegetativa de genótipos de jaqueira

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to characterize, select and propagate jackfuit genotypes from the Reconcavo region of Bahia using morphological and molecular markers in order to identify the most promising genotypes, and matching technique of grafting to reproduce. Ninety-six soft and hard jaqueira genotypes from the counties of Muritiba, Cruz das Almas, Conceição do Almeida, Santo Antônio de Jesus and São Felipe, were analyzed. The genotypes were identified, georeferenced and evaluated regarding morphological characteristics of the plant and fruits. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out according to the modified protocol proposed by Doyle & Doyle and the RAPD technique was used to identify polymorphism. Considerable polymorphism was detected between the jackfruit populations (41.1%). The morphological characterization of fruits allowed the formation of seven groups in the population of jackfruit. The RC-31, RA-62, RA-66, RA-68, RA-69 genotypes were selected as the most adequate for industrial processing whereas the RM-20, RA-75, RA-78, RS-85 and RS-100 genotypes, for in natura consumption. In the evaluation of vegetative propagation of these selected genotypes by cleft and bud grating, the superiority of the cleft method was observed. The forks without induction provided greater percentages of fixation and survival of jackfruit grafts whereas the time and storage of forks did not influence the variables studied.