Parasitoses transmitidas por carrapatos e pulgas de cães e gatos domésticos: avanços e controle

Abstract

In the world, parasitic diseases appear as a set that includes several of the most important diseases, very common, caused by an infinity of types of parasites, and when determined in infection by vector agents, fundamental for transmission, they become epidemiologically comprehensive, with varied distribution. of these infectious actors. Ticks and fleas are relevant agents in the transmission of parasites to domestic dogs and cats, and to them we owe a unique epidemiology of these diseases, with the need to evaluate factors that interfere in the entire cycle of transmission and infection, in the development of diseases. in animals, to direct diagnoses and main treatments, and to be able to determine the key points for prevention and control, following possible advances in these áreas. Thus, it was aimed to evaluate the important aspects of parasitosis transmitted by ticks and fleas that affect domestic dogs and cats, highlighting the most frequent in Brazil, and addressing the current advances on the forms of diagnosis, treatment and mainly control of these diseases, which this review was transcribed. Parasites such as ephlichiosis, whose causative bacteria affects mononuclear cells, attacking the medullary region, leading to pancytopenia, and babesiosis, in which the protozoan agent attacks red blood cells and causes anemia, in addition to the consequent anaplasmosis of a bacterium that affects host platelets causing thrombocytopenia, are prominent hemoparasitosis and frequent occurrence. On the other hand, hepatozoonosis, relevant, but less frequent, caused by a protozoan that attacks leukocytes and tissue parenchyma, mainly affecting the hepatic region of the hosts, and feline micoplasmosis, whose infectious bacterium affects the surface of erythrocytes leading to hemolytic anemia, or dipilidiosis, which differs from the other parasitosis described, is caused by a cestoid that causes gastrointestinal changes. All these vector parasitasis, and more, can affect domestic dogs and cats, and still occur simultaneously in the same organism, hindering diagnosis, creating resistance to treatment, and changing the perspectives of prevention and control. Therefore, it is important to know these parasitarian agents, how they act in the organism and their high degree of complexity in cycle, transmission, infection, following the advances in integrated knowledge of these parasitosis, in order to understand the process of medical conduct to be performed in the face of the various conditions presented by patients, and in the expectation of reaching a more complete possible control of these diseases.