Brucelose bovina: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella sp., being able to affect several species of domestic and wild animals, in addition to humans. It presents itself as a disease of great impact on public health and on the economic sector, capable of generating significant problems in the international trade of animals, abortions and low fertility in rural properties, high costs with control and eradication programs and mainly by compromising the products of animal origin making them vulnerable to sanitary barriers. Despite programs aimed at controlling and eradicating the disease, due to its zoonotic nature, the disease remains endemic in many countries, especially developing countries, causing significant economic losses to production systems and serious effects on animal and public health. The disease can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected animals and fetal appendages, as well as by ingestion of contaminated animal products (mainly unheated milk and its derivatives). It can also be transmitted through the handling of carcasses and viscera during slaughter. The disease control and eradication programs mainly aim to interrupt the pathogen transmission chain, eliminating infected individuals and increasing the number of resistant individuals in the population, with vaccination being the main and effective control strategy. The National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis - PNCEBT, established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply - MAPA, has as its operating strategy the adoption of compulsory measures (vaccination of calves and traffic control), complemented by measures of voluntary adhesion (certification of properties in free). The official diagnosis uses the tests of Buffered Acidified Antigen (AAT), 2-Mercaptoethanol (2ME), Complement Fixation (FC) and Flourescent Polarization Test (FPA). The present work aimed to approach the main aspects of bovine brucellosis.