Educação infantil no Brasil: direito de todos ou privilégios de alguns?

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the democratization of access and permanence in Early Childhood Education (ECE) from the perspective of what is called Creche in Brazil (age 0-3), in the Municipality of Amargosa-BA. The research is of a qualitative approach with bibliographical review, and its historical period of investigation is the twentieth century. To this end, we sought to identify some Public Education Policies in relation to the ECE (Kindergarten). An empirical investigation was carried out analyzing the conditions of the ECE offer in the school surveyed. For data collection, questionnaires, observations and documentary analysis were used. In the Kindergarten school researched, it was observed that the State is the main violator of this principle. The research allowed us to reflect on the ECE in the following perspectives: social assistance and as Education itself. The analyses provided material to understand that ECE, as the first stage of K-12, is an inviolable right. On the other hand, it revealed the country's inability to offer it to all, rendering the democratization of Education unfeasible. The Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) [National Education Plan] (2014-2024) itself does not advance, referring to the offer of places in Kindergarten schools, since Goal 1, projects for the end of the Plan to serve 50% of the children of childcare age in the country, the same percentage stipulated to be reached in the year 2011. For the researcher, the Law Project number 75/2011, is the clearest expression of these obstacles, since it proposes to offer ECE at home, in order to comply with the referred Goal. In the context of the ECE researched school, the setbacks regarding the access and permanence of children in the ECE were highlighted. Thus, it is considered that, this study can foster a better understanding of the contradictions that permeate the theme, as well as pointing out ways for the ECE to become effective as a Brazilian child's right.