Análise comparativa da utilização dos métodos tradicionais e do veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT) nas inspeções de segurança em canteiros de obras residenciais

Abstract

The civil construction sector since the beginning has always been identified as one of the activities with a high risk of accidents. Furthermore, as this is a scenario that is constantly changing in order to make the environment more promising and with more expressive results, the use of an innovative tool such as the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applied to the monitoring and follow-up of residential construction sites, arouses the interest of the construction industry. Even though it is considered a technology with high potential, it is necessary to study it in order to improve its use in safety inspections. With that, the present work aims to carry out a survey on the traditional inspection criteria commonly used in residential construction sites, in addition to identifying the necessary steps for monitoring using the UAV; and with that, evaluate the two methods of monitoring and controlling security in residential constructions. Through a literature review, based on the evaluated studies and from the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of each method, it was obtained as a result that, although the traditional model presents real-time inspection feedback, direct interaction with employees, in addition to workers already used to such a method, avoiding the risk of distractions and accidents with the drone, the risk of accidents in hard-to-reach places has as a disadvantage, the inspection takes more time and is more complex and the information collected runs the risk of being lost. While, with the use of UAVs, it is possible to monitor places of difficult access, present images with high resolution, lower cost, obtain transparency in the data, in addition to the ability to couple devices to the tool, even if it presents limitations in terms of weather conditions, obstacles, risks of distraction of workers and being run over. Finally, the insertion of the tool contributes so that its use becomes a more effective method for monitoring and controlling security in residential constructions. The main contribution of this work is to present the occasional impacts of UAV on safety inspection at construction sites, in order to compare it to the conventional inspection model, making the environment safer by using a more efficient method.