Florística de Euphorbiaceae em um fragmento florestal urbano de Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

The Euphorbiaceae family is one of the families with the largest number of species in Brazil. Although there are many works in the country about this family, in the region of the Recôncavo Baiano still the production of studies of floristics in forest fragments is very scarce. This work aimed to evaluate the floristic similarity of the PFMC in relation to other forest remnants of Brazil. For the accomplishment of the study the database of the Herbarium of the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia was consulted for the recognition of the species of Euphorbiaceae present in the PFMC for comparison with the articles used in this study. These data were complemented with data available on the SpeciesLink platform. For the similarity analysis, the Bray-Curtis index was used through the PAST software. In PMFC, 24 species and 12 genera of Euphorbiaceae were found (Table 1). The most representativegenera were Croton L. (8 species) and Dalechampia L. (4), followed by Bernardia Houst. ex Mill. (2), Actinostemon Mart. Ex Klotzsch (2) Acalypha L., Bia Klotzsch, Brasiliocroton P.E.Berry & Cordeiro, Cnidoscolus Pohl, Gymnanthes Sw. and Tragia Plum. ex L. (1). The total number of species included in the analysis of floristic similarity was 106. The dendrogram obtained from the data of the 30 articles consulted revealed the formation of two well defined groups with similarity of about 40%. Group 1, formed by 11 localities composed mostly of semideciduous seasonal forests and other environments not belonging to the Northeast region of Brazil, and Group 2, with 12 localities, including the PFMC, in which ecosystems associated with dry climates prevail. Caatinga and Seasonal Forests. The PFMC is an urban forest remnant that is geographically inserted between seasonal semideciduous forests and Caatinga areas. The analysis of floristic similarity revealed greater similarity with areas with drier climates, mainly Seasonal Forests and Caatinga of the Northeast region of Brazil. These results may influence the location of the PFMC but also because it is an urban forest fragment that has had impacts and probably does not have the same original floristic composition.