Descrição fisionômica e estrutural de um fragmento de floresta ombrófila densa sob exploração de piaçava (Attalea funifera Mart.) em Maragogipe - Bahia

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest is the third largest biome of Brazil in term of extension, possessing great biodiversity and high degree of endemism. But it is also one of the most threatened and currently occupies only 20% of its original conformation in different stages of conservation. The objective of this study was to understand the tree structure of a Dense Ombrophilous Forest fragment in the municipality of Maragogipe-BA under extractive use, through the physiognomic and structural description of the area, to answer some questions such as: What is the richness of species in the area? What are the highest values for phytosociological parameters for these species? In a description of the area did extractivism alter the diversity and structural parameters of the plant community, as well as its vertical stratification, when compared to other areas without such exploitation? For this purpose, the use of the profile diagram method and the phytosociological survey was used. The application of the methodology was observed a continuous forest typical of Dense Ombrophylous Forest (F.O.D.) with closed tree cover and with many regenerants but presents signs of tree removal and impacts related to piaçava extraction. A total of 547 individuals were distributed in 28 families, and the most representative were Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Arecaceae, and represented by 46 species. The most important species in the structure of this forest were Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Simarouba amara Aubl., Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Mart. ex Miers, Eugenia sp. and Himatanthus obovatus (Müll. Arg.) Woodson. After this research, it can be concluded that the extractive action present in the area acts as a transforming agent of some analyzed phytosociological parameters, since wood removal occurs, and the trampling of regenerants during the management actions of piaçava.