Anatomia e histoquímica folíolar de duas espécies de Zanthoxylum Linn. (Rutaceae) da Mata Atlântica, Bahia

Abstract

The Rutaceae family comprising 150 genera and 2000 species in Brazil are 32 genera and about 150 species. Belonging to the family are genres that stand out from the economic point of view, the example of several Citrus species and producing good quality wood as Zanthoxylum. Medicinal plants are also part of Rutaceae such as Ruta graveolens, Pilocarpus and Zanthoxylum. The work aims to anatomical and histochemical studies on leaves of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium and Z. minutiflorum occurring in the Atlantic. The materials were collected in the Serra da Jibóia, more precisely in the area of environmental group GAMBÁ, Santa Teresinha, Bahia. The leaflets were collected in the field yet fixed, dehydrated, included and sectioned on a rotary microtome, stained with Safranin and Astra Blue. The diaphanization was performed following an ethanol series, steeped in sodium hydroxide and clarified with sodium hypochlorite, stained with Safranin mounted in synthetic resin. Histochemical tests were performed to identify the following classes of secondary metabolites: general polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, tannins, lipids, essential oils and oleoresins. Z. rhoifolium has mucilaginous uniseriate epidermis, secretory cavities, trichomes. Z. minutiflorum has uniseriate epidermis, secretory cavities and extrafloral nectary. Histochemical tests of glandular trichomes were positive for the presence of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, are considered colleters.