Hidroalantoide em vaca: relato de caso

Abstract

Fetal appendage hydrops is an abnormal obstetric condition of accumulation of placental fluids that exceeds physiological volume, and the bovine species is the most affected. It can be classified as hydroamnion, hydroalantoid and hydroamnioalantoid when the increase is amniotic fluid, allantoid or both, respectively. The hydroamnium is due to fetal malformations and its involvement is progressive and slow. Hydroalantoid has a higher prevalence and is observed in the final third of pregnancy, with acute involvement. The animal has an intensely distended abdomen with a rounded shape. Most of the fetuses are normal, but small and weak, and the placenta is normal in appearance, but with a small number of placentons. Hydroamnioalantoid is extremely rare. The diagnosis is based on abdominal distension associated with other clinical signs such as inappetence and dyspnea. Prognosis depends on the degree of severity and extent of vascular involvement. Although considered a sporadic pathology, it endangers the maternal and fetal life, thus the importance of being placed as a differential diagnosis in pathologies with an excessive increase in abdominal volume in the gestational period. The aim of this study is to report the case of fetal sheath hydrops in a 10-year-old, pluriparous Girolanda dairy cow with a history of dystocic calving, which in the final third of gestation had an exacerbated bilateral increase in abdominal volume, rounded and tense. Referred to the Hospital de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, she remained in continuous assistance for gestational follow-up and delivery assistance. During this period, daily clinical evaluations, rectal palpation examinations and diagnostic imaging were performed, which emphasized the clinical suspicion of hydrops. Due to the abundant uterine distention due to excess placental fluid, it was not possible to measure the fetus as well as palpate more cranial regions on transrectal palpation. Hydroalantoid was confirmed during eutocic labor by the characteristic and volume of fluid released during its expulsive phase, as well as the absence of fetal malformations and low birth weight standardized for the breed.