Etnobotânica e morfofisiologia do amendoim produzido por agricultores familiares do Recôncavo Baiano

Abstract

The objective of this study accomplish an ethnobotanical survey of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in municipalities located in the Recôncavo of Bahia and evaluate morphological variability and productive among genotypes collected during the interviews, order to perform a pre-selection of the most promising materials. We also evaluated the performance of pre-selected genotypes through physiological indices and some production characteristics. Visits were made to sixty farmers residing in rural communities in seven counties in the Reconcavo of Bahia who grow peanuts, where we used the model of semi-structured interviews with the collection of seeds stored by farmers in the act of ethnobotanical survey, with posterior sowing in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, in municipality of Cruz das Almas, BA, in a random blocks with four replications. Growth analysis of this stage were obtained using the non-destructive method from 21 th day after emergence, where were evaluated the characteristics main stem height, number of leaves and number of branches and for the morphological analysis of the legume and production at 90 days after sowing, measuring the volume and mass of fresh and dried vegetables, the diameter and length of vegetables, the total number of vegetables, total grain number and weight of 100 grains. The following year, an experiment was conducted with seven pre-selected genotypes in random block with four replications where the destructive method used to fortnightly collections of five plants per plot from 21 days after emergence to the end of the cycle, to determine the agronomic characteristics and also the dry mass fractions (leaves, stems and roots) and plant leaf area. As done in the first experiment, 90 days after sowing, have assessed yourself the same measures and the mass of dry beans. Was proven that the peanut is already part of culture of the Recôncavo of Bahia and farmers hold own knowledge on how to use and crop management, using the same cultivation techniques, regardless of the locality in which they live. Productive characteristics give indicatives the variability existence among peanut genotypes collected with the formation of at least two groups in all parameters evaluated by the Scott-Knott test, except the volume of dry vegetables that showed no division of groups, which can be considered important descriptors for the distinction of superior genotypes. Changes achieved in plant performance by the physiological indices, as well as low variability observed in the production variables, gave indicatives of that seven genotypes peanut preselected have similar characteristics to each other.