Desempenho agronômico de genótipos de bananeira nas condições do Recôncavo da Bahia

Abstract

The objectives of the present work were to evaluate quantitative characteristics in 11 banana genotypes during the first and second production cycles, quantify the effect of the genotype x environment interaction between the genotypes and to evaluate the genetic diversity of the 11 banana genotypes using multivariate analysis and SSR molecular markers. The experimental design was in random blocks with 11 banana genotypes including triploids and tetraploids distributed in three blocks with four plants per plot in 3 m x 2 m spacing. Seventeen agronomic and 16 physico-chemical characteristics were evaluated and 31 SSR primers were used. The quantitative characteristics were tested as to the genotype x environment interaction and submitted to the canonic analysis of variance in order to select the most informative variables to be used in the characterization. The selected variables were analyzed simultaneously with SSR markers and submitted to the multivariate analysis using the Ward-MLM (Modified Location Model) procedure. The Ward-MLM procedure formed three groups: G1 represented by the ‘Enxerto-33’, ‘Pacovan’, ‘BRS Garantida’, ‘BRS Pacovan Ken’, FHIA 18, ‘Prata Anã’ and ‘BRS Preciosa’ (all from the Prata-type group) genotypes, G2 by the ‘BRS Princesa’ and by the experimental genotypes, YB4203 and YB4247 (Silk type); and G3 formed by the Caipira triploid, which was clustered alone for not presenting similarities to any of the remaining genotypes. The clusters in the dendrogram formed by the canonic variables were similar to the ones formed by the Ward-MLM method; differing only by the number of groups formed, since four groups were obtained. In group G1, the cluster was confirmed by genealogy; all the genotypes have the same female (Yangambi n° 2) and male (diploid M53) parent, and make up the Silk type with same sensorial characteristics. The tetraploid genotypes joined in G2, are justified by the genealogies, since the M53 diploid is the male parent of all genotypes of this group. G3 was formed by the Prata Anã and Enxerto 33 triploids and by the FHIA-18 tetraploid (cross between Prata Anã and an improved diploid by FHIA). The fourth and last group was composed by the Caipira cultivar. The cluster of the genotypes using canonic variables presented greater discriminatory power, since four groups were formed, while the Ward-MLM method formed only three. Results show that the criteria used for the separation of the clusters, considering the canonic variables, was associated to the genealogy of the genotypes; a result similar to the Ward-MLM method. From the genotype x environment interaction analysis and by the individual performance of the genotypes, it is possible to indicate the BRS Garantida, BRS Princesa and the experimental genotypes from the YB group to be used for cultivation in the Reconcavo Region of the State of Bahia.