Época de semeadura e densidade de plantas em cultivares de amendoim no Recôncavo Sul Baiano

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to evaluate vegetative and yield performance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by growth analysis in different sowing periods and plant density for the South Reconcavo Region of Bahia. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area at the Agricultural Development Company from Bahia (EBDA) located in Conceição de Almeida-BA, in two sowing periods: the first (July-October) and second (April-July). An experiment was carried out for each period. Each experiment was installed in random blocks, with four replicates in plots consisting of eight rows each with 5.0 m in length and 4.0 m in width, whereas three rows were side borders, three for yield data and two which were destructive, for growth analysis; in which samplings of five plants per plot were taken every fifteen days 21 days after emergence until the end of the cycle in order to determine the following agronomic characteristics: dry matter mass and plant leaf area. The cultivars used were: Vargem Lisa and BRS Havana evaluated in the control treatment (just as the producers plant it – in pits and spacing of 0,25 m x 0.30 m) and in fixed spacing of 0.5 m between rows, with three plant densities (5, 10 and 15 plants m-1). The agronomic characteristics: plant height, total number of leaves and branches, diameter of main stalk were determined in 10 plants of the useful plot, whereas the total number of pods, total number of grains, mass of 100 and 1000 grains, volume and yield of fresh pods, dry pods and grains (kg ha-1), were determined setting the final plant population as the basis, as well as oil and protein of grains. It was concluded that: a) the sowing period, the special arrangement and the cultivar, directly influenced the phenology, agronomic characteristics and in the phytomass produced by the peanut plants cultivated under the South Reconcavo of Bahia conditions, whereas leaf area and the accumulation of total dry mass were differentially influenced by plant density, regardless of the cultivars analyzed, and 5 plants m -1 the best density; the physiological indices are tools that can identify the most adapted cultivars and according to the LAR (leaf area ratio), the cultivar Vagem Lisa can be recommended as most promising for higher yields under the conditions of the south Reconcavo of Bahia region; c) regardless of plant density, sowing period is the factor that mainly influences plant production and final pod and grain yield components of cultivated peanut in the south of the Reconcavo region of Bahia. Oil and protein contents are not influenced by plant density and differed only by the cultivars; d) the choice of plant density which expresses higher pod and grain yield depends on the sowing period, the cultivar used and the objective of the producer (volume or mass).