Dinâmica das paisagens naturais no município de Cruz das Almas - BA, com ênfase aos solos

Abstract

The understanding of the existing relations between the soils and the other components of the natural and anthropical environments in order to carry out possible suggestions for suitable using and handling for the local conditions, as well as extending the knowledge about the genesis of the soils, consolidated in a study on the dynamics of the landscape of the municipality of the Cruz das Almas in the state of Bahia. The evolution of the landscape results from mechanisms which act in different time scales, arising a land landscape which consists of types of vegetation, different positions and forms of relief and soils (this last is one of the main constituting which forms with the others a single group of ecosystems in interaction). From this principle, the landscapes, more than a result of the anthropical action, are also a product of the interaction from several environmental factors which can be subdivided in biotic (action of the organisms) and non-biotic (action of the climate), the features of the rocks, the combination of geology, geomorphology and pedology, which allows a hierarchical structuring of the natural landscape on an homogenous way, from the use of the systematic and geosystematic focus. For the characterization of the soils nine outlines and three extra samples were selected in the different pedological fields of the municipality of Cruz das Almas, which were morphologically described and had deformed samples collected for physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis. The studies on physics of soils were constituted by analysis of granulometry and dispersing clay. The xiv chemical analysis were constituted by pH in water and KCl, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, P, Al3+, H+, total organic carbon and sulphuric attack, PCZ and AFPCZ. The predominant soil of the region is classified as “Yellow Latossoils, Placed on the top of the boards as well as on the Superior Third of the vertexes. On the Middle and Inferior Third and in the lows there is a great variation of Argissoils, Cambissoils, Vertissoils, Luvissoils, Planossoils and Gleissoils.