Valor nutricional de coprodutos agroindustriais e de plantas com potencial forrageiro do Estado da Bahia

Abstract

This study is divided into two experiments: the first experiment aimed to characterize nutritionally the following byproducts from agricultural industries: passionfruit, pineapple, acerola, grape, cherimoya, cocoa, palm kernel cake, sunflower cake, peanut cake, castor-oil cake, licury cake, mucilage and hay of sisal; sugar cane bagasse, licury fruit, cassava meal and brewer’s grain by evaluating the chemical composition, carbohydrates and protein fractions, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Data were evaluated by descriptive statiscal analysis (means) and gathering multivariate with the establishment of six groups. Group G1 (brewer’s grain, sunflower cake, licury cake and castor-oil cakea) presented high crude protein content (CP), which could be considered as concentrate proteinic; G2 (palm kernel cake) showed very high neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and intermediate CP content, and could be characterized as forage; G3 (sugar cane bagasse, licury fruit, acerola, cherimoya, passionfruit and grape) has high NDF and low CP contents, being considered also as forage. G4 (hay of sisal, mucilage of sisal, cassava meal and pineapple) and G5 (cocoa) presented intermediate levels of NDF content and high TDN content, which could be characterized as energetic forage and G6 (peanut cake) showed high levels of CP and TDN contents, being characterized as proteinic and energetic concentrate. All of the byproducts evaluated presented good nutritional value, especially G6 (peanut cake) which is proteinic and energetic feedstuff, besides showing high digestibility, hence it follows that is the most complete food for feeding animals. The second experiment evaluted the nutritional content of plants found in the semiarid with forage pontential: Prosopis juliflora, Anadenanthera macrocarpa Benth, Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem, Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl., Cenostigma macrophyllum Tu., Acácia glomerosa Benth, Schumbergera truncate (Haw.), Gliricidia sepium, Cajanus cajan, Capparis jacobine DNE., Capparis yco Mart. ex. Eichler, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Mimosa arenosa (Willd). Poiret, Leucaena leucocephala, Cereus jamacaru D.C., Manihot esculenta Crantz, Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg., Senna obtusifolia, Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong). Steud., Nopalea cochenillifera, Opuntia fícus-indica, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., Bumelia sartorum Mart., Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Bebth., Senna macranthera DC, Spondias tuberosa Arruda and Croton campestris Gardn., by the same methodology as described above. Data were evaluated by descriptive statiscal analysis (means) and gathering multivariate with the establishment of seven groups. G2 (Prosopis juliflora, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna obtusifolia and Senna macranthera DC) and G3 (Manihot esculenta Crantz and Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg.) groups presented high CP content, being considered as proteinic forages. Groups G1 (Anadenanthera macrocarpa Benth, Cenostigma macrophyllum Tu., Schumbergera truncate (Haw.), Cajanus cajan, Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud., Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. and Spondias tuberosa Arruda), G2, G3, e G4 (Cereus jamacaru D.C., Nopalea cochenillifera and Opuntia fícus-indica) showed high levels of TDN content, therefore, could be classified as energetic forages. And the groups G5 (Capparis jacobine DNE., Caesalpinia pyramidalis and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Bebth), G6 (Capparis yco Mart. ex. Eichler, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. and Mimosa arenosa (Willd.) Poiret) and G7 (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem, Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl., Acácia glomerosa Benth, Bumelia sartorum Mart. And Croton campestris Gardn.) presented as fibrous forages spite of the low energy content and intermediate CP content. The plants evaluate presented potential use as forages, especially those from group G3, because of their protein and energy content, besides presenting high digestibility and forage value index, hence it follows that is a complete feedstuff for feeding animals. The floristic diversity found in caatinga showed potential for its use as roughage, by the knowledge of their nutritional characteristics; and the knowledge of nutritional values of the byproducts allow their efficient utilization in the diets for ruminants, so they can be used as strategic sources of feedstuffs during the critic period of scarcity of roughage. Therefore, the utilization of alternative food sources with better costs/benefits ratio could be a strategy of a great impact on northeastern ruminant production.