Genotipagem, teor de óleo, otimização do método gravimétrico e desenvolvimento de marcadores microssatélite em Ricinus communis L.

Abstract

Castor bean is an economic and social relevant oil plant from which an oil with excellent properties is extracted from its seeds and is largely used as an industrial product. Another use of castor bean oil in biofuels. The objective of this work was to develop microsatellite markers (SSRs), genotype an F2 population and introduced cultivars and optimize the gravimetric methodology for the quantification of the oil content in seeds. For the development of SSR markers, primers were designed, 30 pairs of primers were optimized and 29 (96.7%) were validated. The genotyping of the F2 population was carried out using 27 SSR primer pairs. As to the performance regarding oil content in seeds, Nucler Magnetic Ressonance (NMR) was used. A total of 11 loci were polymorphic (49.7%) and oil content in seeds varied from 44.59 to 54.04%. Genotyping of theintroduced castor bean cultivars was carried out with 58 RAPD primers. A total of 311 polymorphic bands (56.3%) was identified with five groups formed. For the optimization of the gravimetric methodology, tests regarding the number of extractions necessary with the hexane solvent and comparisons between the soxthelet and gravimetric methodologies, were carried out. Four extractions with the hexane solvent are necessary and there was no significant difference between the methodologies. These studies will set the basis for decision making processes in the castor bean genetic breeding program at UFRB which is aimed in developing cultivars with greater oil content, more productive, resistant and better adapted cultivars.