Eficácia dos óleos essenciais de Syzygium aromaticum e Croton argyrophyllus e as suas diluições com técnicas homeopáticas sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in vitro

Abstract

Parasitism by the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, causes losses that exceed three billion dollars a year to Brazilian livestock due to direct and indirect damages. The control of this ectoparasite is done almost exclusively on the basis of chemical ticks, which when used in an excessive and inadequate manner, cause environmental pollution, contamination of mammals, including humans and, in addition, accelerates the selection of resistant strains. For these reasons, innovative methods for the control of R. microplus are gaining prominence, among them the use of essential oils. However, the extraction of these compounds requires large amounts of biomass. Therefore, is the need to associate ultra dilution methods aiming the innovation and viability of essential oils use. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of the essential oils of Clove of India (Syzygium aromaticum) and Cassutinga (Croton argyrophyllus) in concentrations of 20, 40 and 80 mg/mL, and of the homeopathic preparations of the respective essential oils in the dynamizations of 6 CH, 12 CH and 30 CH, on the R. microplus tick. In order to evaluate the acaricidal action, the larvae package tests were carried out with both essential oils and their homeopathized products, and the adult immersion test, however, the latter was performed only with essential oils, in concentrations of 20 and 40 mg / ml. The essential oil of S. aromaticum caused 100% mortality both in the concentration of 20 mg / mL and in its homeopathized preparation in the dynamization of 6 CH for larvae, and obtained a control percentage of 88.0% for females treated with essential oil. at a concentration of 40 mg / mL, the homeopathized ultradilutions applied in females obtained results ranging from 25.6% to -4.5%, not being expressive. The results obtained in all treatments performed with C. argyrophyllus on larvae and engorged females were not significant, showing low acaricidal activity. Thus, we conclude that the essential oil of S. aromaticum was effective in treatments with essential oil on larvae and adults and showed efficacy in the homeopathic dynamization 6CH on larvae of R. microplus has the potential to be used to control the tick R. microplus, and furthermore, can be used as a source of molecules for the synthesis of new acaricides.