Levantamento fitossociológico de espécies espontâneas em agroecossistemas de sisal nos municípios de Conceição do Coité e Valente - BA

Abstract

The cultivation of sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm.) generated changes significant in the Caatinga regions, due to its economic importance and the creation of its export production chain. An efficient cultural management strategy is to maintenance of species in biodiversity ranges, which have functionality in the production system and its biological activities may generate economic interest, ecosystem services and income for farmers. Therefore, the objective in this work was to carry out a phytosociological survey in two productive agroecosystems of sisal. 14 collections were carried out using the inventory square method in municipalities of Conceição do Coité and Valente – BA of the plants present between the lines of the agroecosystem. In Conceição do Coité, 4 ranges of diversity were sampled and in Valente, 2 diversity bands were sampled. Data were collected from rainfall at the climatological station closest to the areas (A-441/Serrinha-BA). In Conceição do Coité/BA, 5,761 individuals were registered, belonging to 21 families, 38 genera and 43 species. Malvaceae was the family with the greatest species richness (9), followed by Poaceae (5). Heliotropium angiospermum Murray and Cenchrus ciliaris L., occurred in all months of collections in the area. In Valente/BA, 1,532 were registered individuals, forming part of 20 families, 48 ​​genera and 65 species. The family with the largest number of species was Malvaceae (14), followed by Euphorbiaceae (7). Two species of Fabaceae occurred in all months of collections in this area, being: Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby and a morphospecies called “Sp 2”. The management of these species between the lines, in ranges of diversity, could increase services ecosystem benefits to sisal cultivation and also generate environmental, social and economic benefits for the farmer. Malvaceae was the family with the greatest diversity of species in both areas. Precipitation influenced the number of species, revealing that some They have adaptations that make them tolerant to water scarcity. The spontaneous species found are promising and provide an increase in diversity and interactions in the sisal production system, providing a heterogeneous, diverse and possibly with a lower incidence of diseases.