Ocorrência de florações de cianobactérias e consequências para a saúde pública no Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

The flowerings are the result of interactions between physical, chemical and biological factors, characterized by the explosive growth of microorganisms. The proliferations of cyanobacteria indicate deterioration in quality and can be considered public health problems due to the ability to produce and release toxins by cyanobacteria in aquatic environments, especially in supply reservoirs. Thus, the present study aimed to review the literature to verify the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin blooms and the effects especially for public health. The methodology used was narrative review of selected papers according to the inclusion criteria. The occurrence of 74 cyanobacteria species was verified, with Microcystis aeruginosa and Raphidiopsis raciborskii being the predominant ones. Potentially toxic species were found in all flowering studies carried out in the states of the Northeast and Southeast regions. Cyanobacterial blooms were found mainly in reservoirs in the Northeast region, along with cyanotoxins (microcystins, spermopool and saxitoxin). There have been frequent flowerings with cyanotoxins in aquatic systems, causing changes in the aquatic environment. These changes reach several trophic levels, and can reach man, being a public health problem.