Automutilação na adolescência: fatores associados e contexto escolar

Abstract

Adolescence, as a stage and cycle of human development, brings an infinite number of questions and crises. Self-mutilation can be a strategy for the expression of psycho-emotional content, in addition to communicating and expressing relationships and experiences with the school / teachers, with the family and with their peers. In this study, we sought to understand the associated factors and the relationship with the school context about self-mutilation in adolescence through an integrative literature review. Twelve articles were found that corresponded to the research objective, classified into two categories. Profile of adolescents who self-harm and associated factors: The articles indicate that girls aged 12 to 15 years are the majority among those who self-harm, the most suitable place was the bedroom at home and the main reason was the relief of emotional suffering. Factors related to prevention and intervention in the school context: The school as the main place for the adolescent's social insertion needs trained professionals to identify the cases and approach the adolescents who practice the act, who can also promote spaces for the adolescent to have the opportunity to speak themselves and communicate ways of dealing with their sufferings and pains. It is concluded that self-mutilation, as a phenomenon, needs to be further studied for a better understanding and for prevention strategies, intervention and appropriate public policies to be created.