Ocorrências de incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, BA, no período de 2010 a 2014

Abstract

The Chapada Diamantina is rich in beautiful landscapes and lush scenic beauty stood out among the most popular tourism spots of Bahia, having international repercussions. The region is rich in biodiversity and hydrology, located inside of the Northeastern semiarid, with numerous springs that gives to the region the status of an Oasis. With all the inherent importance to this region, the fires are significant concern of local people, researchers and environmental advocates. This problem is the focus of the paper that will analyze the burned area, their causes and recurrences based on Fire Occurrence records in Chapada Diamantina National Park - Bahia (NPDC), as well as analysis of the burned area from satellite image in interpretation timescale. The National Park was created in 1985, and has an area of approximately 152.42 km2, that covers the cities of Palmeiras (5.97%), Lençóis (14%), Andaraí (23%), Itaetê (0.14%), Ibicoara (1.84%), and Mucugê (54.47%). Maps were made about fire risk, relating the probability of their occurrence, the risk and its dynamic variable, as well as the direct relationship of the fire with the natural material combustible characteristics often found on site, characterized as a static factor. Analyzes were performed of Fire Occurrence Records (ROIs) made between the years 2010 to 2014, showing that the largest fire indices are mainly in Palmeiras, followed by Mucuge, Andaraí and Lençóis. The months of December and May had the lowest rate of occurrence, especially during the drought and rainless, and those are the months with the highest number occurring in the year, within the perimeter of the National Park, which are located near springs. Local maps were made where fires occur in three different situations; before the fire, a few days after the occurrence of the fire and about a year after the fire. The research, the knowledge about the dynamics of the fire and its relation to vegetation are very important because through them we can identify or infer, such as rich and complex as this environment reacting to numerous fire incidents over the years.