Levantamento florístico em diferentes fisionomias do Parque Nacional de Boa Nova, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Boa Nova National Park is located in the east segment of Bahia, in the municipality of Boa Nova, Bahia, Brazil. Created in July 2010, it has a vegetation transition between rain forests of the Atlantic Forest and the dry vegetation of the Caatinga. This study aimed to study the floristic composition of the different vegetation types present in the Boa Nova National Park, adding information about the diversity of the types of vegetation and the degree of endemism of species found. Quarterly botanical expeditions were carried out between the years 2012 and 2013, each lasting five days. The harvests were made through tracks in different parts of the National Park. All the plant material was incorporated in the Herbarium of Bahia Recôncavo (Hurb). Four hundred and forty-five angiosperm species were harvested, distributed in 89 families and 284 genera, one Gymnosperm species and 10 species of ferns and lycophytes distributed in nine genera and five families. Of these species, 144 are endemic to Brazil, 19 species are endemic to Bahia, nine species are on the Red List of endangered species, and, so far 12 new species have been recorded in Bahia. From this data, it is concluded that the vegetation of the Boa Nova National Park has a high degree of heterogeneity among the five physiognomies studied and the data of the floristic survey, as new records, new species, for example, prove the importance in carrying out surveys in protected areas in the state of Bahia. This study showed an autochthonous vegetation by the high number of unique species of vegetation type, thus reinforcing the need for the protection of all physiognomies found in the Boa Nova National Park.