Permanência e saída do jovem no campo: uma abordagem dos jovens rurais da Matinha, Ituberá-Ba

Abstract

In the last decade of the twentieth century the theme of youth became more debated in Brazil, centered above all on social sciences, pointing to different concepts, based on a period that goes from childhood to adulthood. Subsequently, the subject is debated by the academy, in general, but also by NGOs, social movements, and public policies, focusing especially on urban youth. In this context, the discussion on rural youth, of extreme importance for rural development and the rural man, was second to none. However, more recently, such an approach has already been a topic of debate in the most diverse areas of society, among them, in academia and in public policies. Based on this assumption, the objective of this work was to know the reality lived by the youngsters of Matinha community located in the municipality of Ituberá in the state of Bahia. Specifically, it also aimed to point out the aspects that contribute to the choice of young people to stay in rural areas; to outline the problems faced in the rural environment for those who started to arouse interest in migrating to the urban center; identify if there are public policies with the purpose of benefiting them and encouraging them in their local stay. Methodologically, a field survey was carried out. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews divided into two blocks of questions. The main results indicated that the main reasons attributed by the young people to stay in the rural environment are the fact of the family valorization, the desire to continue the work of the parents, especially the boys, and the non-abandonment of the family. On the other hand, motives were also presented by the young people responsible for the desire to leave the field, to den them, the lack of access to formal education; to technologies; the health; to pubic transport; to a fixed income; to land for cultivation; and public policy. All of these problems were pointed out by the young people interviewed in the community of Matinha, some managed to survive and remain in the midst of these problems, but others pointed as the only solution the destination to cities in search of better life. In view of these results, it was concluded that there is a need for greater investments in the field, with a differentiated approach for the youth living there, with opportunities to guarantee better living and working conditions.