Hipocalcemia em vacas leiteiras

Abstract

He present work aimed to review the literature on the importance of hypocalcemia in dairy cows and thus addressed the issue of damage to the health of these animals, as well as the economic impacts generated by this metabolic disorder. The study was based on scientific experiments that over the last decades have contributed to science. However, the etiology, epidemiology and predisposing factors, pathophysiology, calcium homeostasis, clinical stages, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, as well as prophylactic and hypocalcemic control measures were emphasized, highlighting the latter as the most relevant. Lately researched when it comes to the occurrence of hypocalcemia in dairy cows, because it is based on strategic models aimed at the prevention and control of the disease, as it is an efficient, effective and less costly method for dairy farmers. Thus, strategic methods promote both the reduction of hypocalcemia and the reduction of secondary diseases or associated with low total serum calcium in these animals. Therefore, studies suggest that cationic diets containing Na and K should be replaced by an anionic diets preferably containing chloride and sulfur salts, to stimulate a decrease in blood pH and increase the total serum calcium level, as well as calcium restriction in the diet. Diet in the dry period of cows, the addition of vitamins D and their metabolites in the diet, mineral salt and measurement of urine pH can promote a reduction in the incidence of hypocalcemia and other diseases associated with it in the postpartum or postpartum period. Eg, dystocic delivery, placental retention, abortion displacement, metritis, endometritis, vagina and uterus prolapse, mastitis, ketosis, and bloat. However, a therapeutic protocol with intravenous calcium solution should be instituted in cases of clinical hypocalcemia because of the success of therapy at this stage.