Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns entre adolescentes trabalhadores

Abstract

Common mental disorders (CMD) present themselves subtly and are characterized by symptoms such as forgetfulness, lack of concentration, fatigue, depression, irritability, insomnia and somatic complaints. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders among adolescent workers in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus-Ba. An epidemiological, cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 125 students from two public schools in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus-Ba, aged 14 to 19 years, attending elementary school I and II. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire. The measurement of symptoms was performed using the SRQ-20. Most participants are female (57.6%), 95.6% of those who perform work activities are in elementary school II. Most survive on an income of 1 to 2 minimum wages (75%). Among the reasons for entering the labor market, helping parents had the highest percentage (60.3%), most work 3 to 4 hours a day (23.5%), 4 to 6 days a week (59 .7%). In the description of the profile of adolescent workers with CMD, it is noticed that these are mostly female (86.4%), aged between 14 and 16 years (60.0%), with a stable union (77, 3%), in elementary school II (60.0%) and black or brown (71.4%). The prevalence of CMD among the employed was (20.3%), and overall (37.30%). Among economic activities, domestic service had the highest prevalence of CMD (27.3%), followed by commerce (13.6%) and civil construction (9.1%), 100% of workers with CMD have a workday of up to 8 hours a day, (53.8%) carry out their activities in one shift, with a contract of more than 2 years (53.9%). In this study, there was a statistical association between CMD and the variables gender, marital status and working hours, using the Chi-square test (p< 0.05) to determine association. The results of this study demonstrate the negative effect of early work during adolescence on the health of these individuals. It was possible to perceive that the work activity, carried out illegally, can contribute to the development of Common Mental Disorders.