Cuidado de profissionais de saúde a mulheres em situação de abortamento induzido: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Objective: To synthesize scientific evidence on the care provided by health professionals in situations of induced abortion of unplanned pregnancies and to analyze the care provided to women in situations of induced abortion from the perspective of health professionals. Introduction: Abortion is considered a public health problem and one of the main causes of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. With the aim of ensuring the sustainable development of peoples and the eradication of poverty and hunger, the World Health Organization and the signatory countries signed the Millennium Development Goals, which included goals related to improving maternal health by the year 2015, currently the goal is to reduce this number by 2030. Method: This is an Integrative Literature Review. In its development, the scheme proposed by Whittemore and Knalf, which establishes five stages, was used. To define the guiding question, the PICo strategy was used, defining: How is the care provided by health professionals to women in situations of induced abortion of an unplanned pregnancy given?. The process of search and selection of studies followed the PRISMA recommendations. The verification of the methodological quality of the primary studies was based on the instrument validated by Caldwell et al. Results: The final sample of selected articles totaled 6, of which three (50%) were published in Brazil, one (16.6%) in Argentina, one (16.6%) in Scotland and one in Uganda. All studies used methodologies with qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approaches, with the language of the articles being three in English and three in Portuguese. The number of health professionals participating in the research had a total of 124 professionals. Discussion: The exercise of care provided by health professionals to women undergoing induced abortion can be influenced by various causes: stereotypes and religion, fear of discrimination against providers of this service, professional disqualification and work overload, and conflict between professionals' priorities and women were found in the search. Conclusion: The results of this study point to the limitation of the care exercised by health professionals to the woman who induced the abortion and the need to formulate and implement clear guidelines aimed at professionals who work in units that are able to provide assistance to women. Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice: Future research is needed to focus on evaluating providers' care for women undergoing induced abortion.