A política cultural antinegritude do Museu Histórico Nacional – MHN: criação do MHN e a exposição internacional do centenário de Independência do Brasil (1822 – 1922)

Abstract

The present work seeks to investigate the emergence and unfolding of one of the most influential cultural facilities in Brazil, the National Historical Museum (MHN) and its first exhibition, the International Exhibition of the Centenary of Independence of Brazil, the largest and most ambitious Brazilian exhibition in the country's history. Talking about both touches on studies of race/ethnicity/inequalities (in terms of social and historical criticism). The MNH was, like so many other museums (with emphasis on national ones), conceived as a tool of what is now called Cultural Policy and Memory Policy. The period history comprises the beginning of the Republic (1889), with emphasis on the foundation of the museum in the year of 1922 and the International Exhibition of the Centenary of Independence of Brazil (1922-1923) until the end of the Estado Novo (1946), better known as the Vargas Era. The study aims to investigate how the MHN significantly reflected the formulation of the Brazilian national identity with regard to the existential erasure of the participation of the black people (both as a sociocultural collectivity and as a resistance to the processes colonial) of this exercise of telling the history of the formation of that nation. the intellectual elite decreed the urgency of reproducing the historical processes that took place throughout centuries of the constitution of European nation-states, in such a way as to seek to execute them of artificial and in a few decades in Brazil. The intellectual elite and the political elite believed, to be able to make the country leave the condition of an unimpressive ex-colony in the international competition to match a 'tropical' European power. the nationalist mentality Brazilian society defined the preservation of the material culture of the peoples that originated the population of this territory, and the place where this memory is safeguarded meticulously selected, and therefore unreliable in showing both sides of the conflict internal histories, are the great museums. As for the museology area, the study is directed to Museological Communication and Museological Theory. The scientific method used predominant is the inductive, through the analytical reflection of the exhibitions and collections, dialoguing bibliography and geopolitical context, documents that make direct reference to the creation and development of the MHN institution and the construction of its collections, in addition to photographic. Walking through theory and critical reflection on a racialized perspective.