Avaliação do perfil microbiológico e condições higiênicas - sanitárias de águas e peixes consumidos em pisciculturas de pesque-pague localizados em Cidades da Bahia e na Ilha de Itaparica

Abstract

Fish farming is a profitable practice for the country and it is important to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of these foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological profile of waters and fish consumed in fish and fish farming located in the cities of the interior of Bahia and on the island of Itaparica. The collection was carried out in two different periods (dry and rainy) in up to 3 nurseries of each of the 10 fish farms, 2 fish samples and 500 mL of water were collected, making a total of 138 samples, 48 water samples and 90 fish samples (Tilapia). For the microbiological analysis, counts of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, followed by E.coli O157 identification, were also counted on aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas spp. , and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Physical and chemical analysis of water (pH, color, turbidity, OD and BOD) were also performed. The results of the microbiological analyzes were compared to RDC nº 12, of January 2, 2001, Portaria 2,914 of 2011, Resolution nº 357 of 2005 that determines physical-chemical and microbiological standards in water. From the results obtained, it was observed that the microbiological composition of the culture water is associated to the bacteria types present in the fish, it was verified that 100% of the samples presented contamination by Aeromonas spp., Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, bacteria mesophilic and S. aureus. the isolates of Aeromonas spp. presented multidrug resistance to 2 or 8 antimicrobials. In addition, attention is needed for the microorganisms found in this study, since some species are pathogenic to humans such as E. coli O157H7 isolated in 81.1% (73/90) evaluated. In this way the consumption of the fish created in these fish-pay configures itself as a risk to public health.