O uso de tramadol e/ou detomidina na anestesia epidural para realização de ovariosalpingohisterectomia em cadelas: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Epidural anesthesia is based on the administration of drugs into the epidural space. The technique is easy to perform and relatively inexpensive. The use of combined drugs in the epidural space has shown better analgesic performance, and a prolongation of the desired effects of the medication, which leads to the use of lower doses in the procedure. Local anesthetics, opioid receptor agonists and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are the drugs that have been studied on their efficiency in the epidural space, either alone or in combination. Their use presents satisfactory results and the technic is of choice for various procedures, providing effective analgesia for surgical ovariohysterectomy, a procedure widely performed in small animals for population control, prevention and treatment of disorders in the reproductive system. The concern for the control of pain in veterinary medicine is increasingly more evident as time goes by, especially when the procedures are performed on pets. In addition to offering a better quality of life, pain control favors the restoration of physiological functions after noxious stimuli and reduces the possibility of complications during and after surgery. Pain control and prevention measures have been taken to provide greater welfare to the animals being operated on. In order to achieve that, analgesic techniques are used in surgical procedures. It has been proven that locoregional anesthesia is an efficient alternative. Moreover, with the use of locoregional anesthesia, the demand for general anesthetics is reduced. Thus, the procedures are safer since they keep the patient in a more superficial plane of anesthesia.