Estrutura da comunidade vegetal da mata ciliar na Fazenda Baixa de Areia, Varzedo, Bahia

Abstract

It is understood by the Ciliary Forest, the one that borders courses and bodies of water, and are responsible for the establishment of gene/species flow corridors interconnecting different biomes, in addition to regulating the entry of light and nutrients into the aquatic system, among other ecosystem functions . In view of the large-scale destruction of Riparian Forests, it is necessary to carry out studies on their floristic composition and horizontal structure, so that the accumulation of knowledge about these forests can support conservation and restoration actions. For such actions, the use of phytosociology as a tool to obtain this knowledge is of great importance and practicality. The study was carried out at Fazenda Baixa de Areia, located in Serra da Jiboia, Varzedo - BA Bahia, in a stretch of riparian forest, in the phytoecological region of the Atlantic Forest. The multiple-plot method was used, with 24 plots of 10 x 10 meters (100 m2) allocated, 12 plots on each bank of the stream, divided into 3 blocks of 4 plots, totaling 0.24 ha sampled. All tree individuals with PAP ≥ 10 cm were surveyed. All phytosociological parameters were calculated using Excel. 147 species belonging to 58 genera and 34 botanical families were sampled. The best represented families were Fabaceae with 18 species, Myrtaceae (16), Melastomataceae (12), Annonaceae (8), Lauraceae, Erythroxylaceae and Sapindaceae (6), representing 48.6% of the total sampled species. Among the 689 individuals sampled, 46 trees were standing dead. The estimated absolute density for the community was 2,870.83 ind/ha and basal area 116 m2/ha. In the structure of the community, the species that most stood out was Miconia holosericea (L) DC., presenting high relative frequency (58.3%), high density (195.83 ind/ha) 6.82% of the total density, and a importance value of 12.58% in the community. Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (13.06 m2/ha) and Ficus gomelleira Kunth. (12.44 m2/ha), were the species that showed the highest absolute dominance. Of the species cited as common in Riparian Forests, Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and Cecropia pachystachya Trécul were sampled in the survey, the other species are related to the Atlantic Forest biome. It is worth mentioning that this study is the first survey carried out in the Serra da Jibóia region, which reinforces its guiding importance for future conservation and restoration actions.