Levantamento etnobotânico e etnofarmacológico de espécies medicinais em agroecossistemas de quintais no município de Santo Amaro/BA

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants it is common practice and is based on traditional knowledge about plant species populations and their use in healing and/or treatment of diseases and symptoms. Mostly these species are grown in backyards, considered agroecosystems. The ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological research are necessary tools when seeking quality within agroecosystems, especially in rescue and recording information about the medicinal plants and their functions in agroecosystems. The objective of this work was the realization of ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical survey in agroecosystems backyards, in Santo Amaro - BA, targeting the use of medicinal plants and their potential roles in agroecosystems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and collection of medicinal species in agroecosystems backyards. 145 interviews were administered to the informants to obtain data, these 92.41% reported use of medicinal species in their yards or purchased and indicated 59 species, distributed in 27 botanical families. The Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most represented. The highest values of diversity and evenness of use were observed in the "XVIII - Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified" and "XI - Diseases of the digestive system." The highest values of concordance main use were reported in Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Br, Eugenia uniflora L and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf respectively. Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Br showed higher relative importance value (IR: 2,00). The category "XVIII - Symptoms, signs and abnormalclinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified" showed greater diversity of use evenness diversity of use (VDU: 0.22: and VEDU: 1.00), where this category, the symptom most often cited was that of abdominal colic, contributing to 38% in this category. The main traditional uses of the species most frequently cited are consistent with the scientific literature according to ethnopharmacological survey. Whereas such species are belonging to agroecosystems backyards and it is a region contaminated by toxic metals such as lead and cadmium, this study may contribute to the planning and use of quality agroecosystems backyards in the region.