Ritmo diário da atividade alimentar e parâmetros digestivos do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)

Abstract

The ingestion of food, the locomotor activity, as well as physiological parameters can be affected by endogenous related to the biological rhythm of the animals. Firstly, the objective of this work was to determine the rhythm of food activity (mealtime preference), using a system called Self-feeding (a system that allows selffeeding without Anthropic interference) the phase 1 of this work. Subsequently the time of Gastrointestinal transit (TTGI), diet digestibility and amylase intestinal activity of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). To evaluate the effect of diurnal and nocturnal feeding was determined a protocol already used in chronobiological experiments at fixed time (ML = half of the Period of light) and (MD = half of the period of darkness). To this end, the photoperiod was 12L: 12E. For stage 1, 36 animals were distributed in 6 aquarium equipped with feeders adapted for the activation by the fish, for a total of 15 days. At the end of this phase, the data were transformed into graphs "plot". After this phase the fixed feed treatments started. In stage 2, intestinal amylase activity was investigated, where 48 animals were distributed in 6 aquariums and fed ML and MD for 15 days until the synchronization, the data of this period were also used to analyze the anticipatory food activity (AAA) for this species. The intestine was collected at 6 points in 24 hours, the first one starting at 1h postprandial and the remaining 4h after the previous one. For the TTGI phase 3 assay, 48 animals were distributed in 12 aquaria (2T and 6R) and fed in ML and MD for 8 days until synchronization, in sequence fed with increased feed Fe 2 O 3 and followed with The collection of the digestive tract, to observe the presence or absence of the digestion with marker, in 8 points prandial post: 30min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, and 24h. The fourth phase was the digestibility assay, 56 animals were distributed in 8 incubators and fed ML and MD (2T and 4R) with ration plus Cr 2 O 3 indicator for 15 days for adaptation and synchronization and thus the collection was started of feces for 21 days. At the end of this period, the analysis of dry matter, crude protein, crude energy and chrome of feces was carried out. For food activity, the Student's t-test (p <0.01) was used, TTGI using probability estimates with the Bonferroni test (p <0.05). For enzymatic activity and digestibility Test F. Tambaqui presented strictly nocturnal food activity (84.98%) by the self-feeding method. It was not possible to identify AAA in the medium wave plots and plot. No difference was found for digestibility in ML and MD fed animals. The digestion remained longer in the last portion of the intestine for the MD group. Amylase activity has a nocturnal peak for both ML and MD animals. This fact has shown that amylase production occurs at night and is not synchronized by diurnal feeding.