Avaliação dos serviços de água e esgoto na RPGA Recôncavo Sul: diagnóstico e desafios frente as políticas de recursos hídricos e de saneamento básico

Abstract

The commitment of water resources is complex. It involves a multidimensional analysis, relations of power, uses and populations, considering the physical, biotic and socioeconomic environment, especially in relation to the hydrographic basin (BH). This planning unit provided for in the Federal Constitution, in the National Water Resources Policy (Water Law) and in the National Sanitation Policy can not be seen as an isolated element in public policies even at the local level. Disorganized land use, the concomitant exacerbated occupation of rural areas, especially in the Permanent Preservation Areas due to the expansion and lack of planning of the cities, has compromised the quantity and quality of the water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current situation of the water and sewage services of the municipalities that compose the South Reconcavo Water Planning and Management Region (RPMW), through the data available in the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS), aiming to contribute with the improvement of publics policies (PP) aimed at the basic sanitation sector, fulfilling the provisions of the National Policy, in a way complementary to the development of the water resources policy. The method used was the analysis of 13 indicators of water and sewage of the SNIS (2014). For the spatial representation of the study area, by means of thematic maps, the cartographic bases were used in digital format "shapefile" INEMA (2012) and SRH (2005). The classification of the municipalities was made according to the analysis of the indicators. Of the 59 municipalities of RPGA South Reconcavo, 16 have percentages of total water supply (drinking water supply) close to universalization. Regarding the collection and treatment of sewage, of the 19 municipalities that collect, 15 carry out the treatment, these insignificant data for universalization, except for two municipalities. The losses of water are high considering the national average, which is already high when compared to other countries and some municipalities, have negative indices, a result of the billed water volumes are superior to those consumed. Losses, apparent or real, cause financial losses to companies, but reveals what investments are needed to improve basic sanitation services. The results of this research show a scenario that reflects the lack of priority of basic sanitation, essential to health, for municipal management, and ratify the importance of integrating the policies studied. The sanitation sector is one of the main users of water, there is no way to disassociate it from this system, nor the municipalities. Paradoxical: if on the one hand, the municipality has ownership to deal with the sanitation issue, on the other, it has no competence to manage water resources, but is responsible for land use and land use that directly affects the quantity and quality of groundwater and superficial. Changes in the water resources policy are recommended in order to effectively recommend and integrate the role of municipalities in strengthening this policy for its effectiveness. The BH should be the planning unit of PP at the municipal level, considering the water course, where all impacts or processes of human activities are collected, since their trajectory becomes a tributary of social, political, economic relations cultural, which are not limited to a single territory.