Associação do polimorfismo S447X da lipase lipoprotéica com o perfil lipídico de indivíduos com e sem doença arterial coronária em Santo Antônio de Jesus - Bahia

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major public health problem and the leading cause of death worldwide, representing 29% of all deaths from known reasons. Approximately 17.1 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2004, and 23.6 million deaths are estimated for 2030. Among the cardiovascular diseases, is the Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), characterized by narrowing of the blood vessels that supply the heart, due to the deposition of plaque on it wall, composed mainly for lipids. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of chylomicron and VLDL. The LPL gene is located on chromosome 8 and encodes a protein with 475 amino acids. The S447X polymorphism of LPL has been researched for its influence on susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Then, to know the lipid profile of mutation of individuals with LPL and its association with CAD can be of great importance for public health with regard to the adoption of intervention programs to control these diseases. This study was held in partnership between the Federal University of Bahia Recôncavo (UFRB) and the Cardiology Institute of Reconcavo (INCAR). It aims to describe the lipid profile of individuals participating in the research as well as check for association between these characteristics and CAD in patients treated at INCAR, or living in the Reconcavo of Bahia. It is a study case-control, where 172 individuals were genotyped for the LPL S447X polymorphism by PCRRFLP method. Categorical variables were compared using the x²-square test and continuous variables using the Student's t test. Descriptive parameters were given as mean ± (standard deviation) and percentages for variables with normal distribution. Comparisons were made to detect significant difference between group means. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find the association between the outcome (DAC) and the main exposure (polymorphisms). A two-tailed P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that total cholesterol and LDL-C presented statistically significant differences between cases and controls, both with p <0.001. 78 individuals with CAD, 13 (17%) carried the mutation LPL S447X, and 94 patients without CAD, 17 (18%) were carriers of polymorphism, with no statistical significance (p = 0.807). However, in the group of patients the triglyceride concentrations were lower and HDL-C higher among mutation carriers compared with noncarriers, with statistical significance for HDL-C levels (p = 0.018).