Resíduos da construção civil no Brasil: uma abordagem econômica para tornar a gestão municipal mais efetiva

Abstract

The Brazilian civil construction waste represent more than half of the solid waste generated in Brazil, since the productive chain of this activity consumes a lot of natural resources and returns an excessive amount of waste to the environment. These residues, in their majority, have been placed inappropriately, dumped indiscriminately in clandestine places, causing costs of environmental, economic and social nature. Although Brazil has undertaken important efforts to lay out a set of legal instruments on the subject, as for example, the Brazilian Solid Waste PolicyLaw n° 2010/12305, one realizes that, in most municipalities, the results have been unsatisfactory, signaling the need for adoption of complementary measures. In this sense, it is appropriate to analyze the contributions that economic science can bring to complement the efforts of the State, since the problems of excessive generation and inadequate disposal of waste, arise from inefficient allocation of resources in the production chain of construction in which the residues do not have economic value and are discarded as if it weren't recyclable. Thus, this study aims to analyze how to make the management of construction waste in Brazilian municipalities more effective, from the adoption of an economic approach. To do so, the methodology used in this work was based in the literary review in which we have sought, through books, journals, dissertations, theses, laws, decrees, resolutions and statistical reports, to compose a theoretical basis to discuss this issue and build a logical reasoning to submitcontributions in order to subsidize municipal managers in the effectiveness of the management, towards the construction waste. The results of the analyses point to the opportunity of adoption by the municipal public power of economic instruments, such as subsidies and billing systems, to make it feasible for the reintegration of construction waste in the productive chain, by promoting the internalization of the costs of the externalities generated by this segment, which will contribute to make the management of construction waste more effective.