Saneamento básico e segurança hídrica no Município de Santanópolis: reflexões sobre a política nacional, entraves e desafios

Abstract

Law 11.445 / 07 establishes national guidelines for basic sanitation and for the federal basic sanitation political, involving governments, service providers, industries, financiers and society. At its advent, was coined in Brazil the concept of basic sanitation as a set of services, infrastructure and water supply facilities, sanitation, urban sanitation and solid waste management and drainage of urban rainwater Universal access to these services, a fundamental principle of the aforementioned Law, is a challenge course to be pursued by the public management policies, especially when it comes from municipalities in the poorest regions of Brazil, such as the Semi-Arid region of the Northeast. The paradoxical reality of this region, which has natural beauty and potential for appreciable development, reveals a scenario historically beset by woes in its natural and socioenvironmental specifics. The political and managerial vision was always directed towards promoting of the fighting to "unfight" aspects, as it is not possible to modify the weather, the variable cycle of rainfall in space and time, the soil and physiographic characteristics, the frequent occurrence droughts and dries, resulting relative scarcity of water for human activities, which are some of the aspects present in the minds of Brazilian society, as if it was a stigma of the region. However, new insights have brought light on the need to break the paradigm of drought fight, giving rise to the term "coexistent" with this natural phenomenon, trying to change human habits and new technologies for the development and progress, sustainably. The commitments set forth in Law 11,445 / 2007 National Basic Sanitation Plan do not show yet effective when observed the inner cities and rural areas of the Northeast, such as the municipality of Santanópolis-BA, which is subordinate to a chronic problem water supply of its population. This study adopted as methodological approach the study of exploratory and descriptive, in the form of case. The results achieved point to deficiencies in hydro supply systems, show that there is no water security of supply, a fact of the perception of residents of urban and rural areas of the municipality, and show that there are significant challenges to be overcome in order to provide access water as a natural right and, above all, necessary to improve the development and vital conditions of the people. This requires the attention of municipal managers on goals, actions and recourses provided by National Basic Sanitation Plan in order to, in particular, the expansion of production and distribution of drinking water in the Northeast region, which also competes Programs Actions defined in the State Plan for Water Resources of the of Bahia State.