Dinâmica espaço-temporal dos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica da Bacia Hidrográfica do Capivari-Ba

Abstract

This work had as objective the identification, mapping and characterisation of the dynamics of forest fragmentation in the Atlantic Forest remnants in the Basin of the Capivari in the years 1973 and 2010 with the aid of the geoprocessing tools and techniques and Geographic Information System. For the study of the metrics of landscape, it was used the ArcGis 10.2 ® software and the extension Patch Analyst analyzer (stains) 5.2 that evaluated the fragments on the size, shape and edge. After the first computational procedures, the aerofotogramas were carefully interpreted by a technique known as interpretation, where the separation of classes followed the criteria of the key to interpreting the Annual Mapping Project coverage and use of the soil in Brazil (MapBiomas) and were classified as the Phytophysiognomy in : 1- Forest Formation (C1), formed by the most dense vegetation, larger organizations, high roughness and formation of a continuous canopy and 2- Savanna formation (C2), formed by herbaceous and shrubby, lower density of trees with average roughness/medium low. The landscape metrics were used with the objective of generating data to assess the quality of the fragments of the basin in two different seasons. The landscape metrics were used with the objective of generating data to assess the quality of the fragments of the basin in two different times. The results showed a considerable reduction in the number of fragments in the class of forest formation between the two periods, from 85 in 1973 to 12 in 2010, as a whole, whereas the two classes, there was a decrease of 5,574.95 hectares of forested area in the basin. The edge effect has dramatically increased for both classes of forest, with greater intensity in the savanna formations, confirming that the areas of secondary vegetation suffer greater pressure of edge effects. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of fragments of class of forest formation that had central area (interior areas and most well preserved of fragments), a decrease of 52 smearing between the years of 1973 and 2010.