Sazonalidade do preço da soja grão no Estado da Bahia entre os anos de 2010 e 2020

Abstract

The commodity soy is one of the most cultivated grains around the world, and in Brazil it is no different. In Bahia there is an increase in production, largely due to the growth in cultivated areas, as well as improvements in technology and the use of new varieties resistant to pests and diseases and, consequently, due to the increasing demand from the foreign market and the appreciation of the dollar, exchange currency that dictates the price of commodities around the world. This study aimed to survey the values sold for soybeans in the last ten years (2010-2020), with the aim of observing the seasonality of variation in values sold in regional establishments and their possible justifications for the behavior of values in the period. of study. The methodology adopted involved documentary research on data relating to the price of a bag of soybeans sold in Bahia, made available by the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Irrigation, Fisheries and Aquaculture – SEAGRI, from January 2010 to December 2020. The time series values of daily prices were obtained from the SEAGRI website and, subsequently, the monthly and annual averages, standard deviations and coefficients of variation were calculated, to facilitate the visualization of the real variations occurring in soybean grain prices. in the period. The research results demonstrated that in the initial years, using the determined spatial profile as a reference, soybean presented relatively low values, with some fluctuations. However, after 2019 the market for this crop achieved prices that are constantly growing, influenced by factors such as global demand, weather conditions, commercial logistics, among others. It was concluded that although soybean prices faced fluctuations throughout the analyzed period, the sector remained competitive in the international market. However, sustainability and environmental issues are growing concerns that need to be addressed in the soy sector.