Monitoramento de diferentes ações de restauração ecológica na Bacia do Rio Oricó, Baixo Sul da Bahia

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest is considered the most fragmented biome in Brazil, since the discovery of Brazil, this region has suffered great anthropic pressures, resulting in a great loss of forest cover, with approximately 12% of its original remnants remaining. This forest is considered to be of great importance to Brazil, as it has an economic, environmental and personal well-being value. Therefore, urgent intervention measures for the recovery of this biome are increasingly necessary. Ecological restoration emerges as a practice to minimize the effects of fragmentation, as well as to reestablish the ecological functions and structure of the ecosystem. Using restoration techniques to recover these environments. It is from the monitoring that evaluations of the areas are carried out in the light of the techniques used, being able to correct possible errors in the ecological trajectory. Among the most used are: nucleation, conducting natural regeneration and passive restoration. This study aimed to evaluate different ecological restoration techniques such as nucleation via tree cores, the conduction of natural regeneration and passive restoration (abandonment), through structural and functional monitoring parameters. For this, an analysis of the landscapes was carried out, from a 2km radius buffer in the center of each set of springs. For data analysis, calculations of land cover were performed (coverage of brachiaria, crowns and litter). A two-way ANOVA was used to compare the variables, both structural and functional, using the technique used for restoration as categories in relation to the time elapsed since the implementation of the technique. The results found show that the landscape does not differ between the restored areas. There was a decrease in brachiaria in all treatments. There was an increase in richness, litter, canopy cover, richness and density of tree species, with emphasis on passive restoration. According to the results, the areas in which the techniques that require maintenance were implemented were negatively affected, however, passive restoration was better in relation to the progression of natural regeneration.